Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Prussian blue nanoparticles targeting multiple PANoptosome-mediated PANoptosis for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury therapy

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-70012-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Schematic of ischemic zone (IZ), remote zone (RZ), and border zone (BZ) in human acute myocardial infarction. The heart element in the image was sourced from BioRender (Created in BioRender. xu, L. (2026) https://BioRender.com/9kka4p3 ). B UMAP visualization of cell distribution (left) and annotated cell types (right) in the control ( n = 4) versus IZ ( n = 11) groups. C Cardiomyocyte subpopulation quantification (left) and UMAP-based clustering (right) in the control and IZ groups. D , E UMAP projection ( D ) and box plots ( E ) showing PANoptosis activation across cardiac cell types. (The exact n in E = [left to right] 20, 84 cells; 17326, 3506 cells; 6231, 6969 cells; 9468, 12187 cells; 3386, 7142 cells; 3039, 2286 cells; 583, 254 cells; 531, 1138 cells). The minima, maxima, mean, median, bounds, whiskers, and percentile information were provided in the Source Data file. Exact P- values from left to right: 2.39E-265, 1.55E-300, 1.05E-35, 4.09E-05, 2.21E-06, 0.0002, 1.9E-11. F Violin plots comparing PANoptosis-related gene expression ( AIM2, ZBP1, RIPK1, Pyrin, NLRP12, NLRP3, MLKL, GSDMD, RIPK3, caspase 3, caspase 1 , and caspase 8 ) in total cells. ( n = 40706 cells [control], 33688 cells [IZ]). The minima, maxima, mean, median, bounds, whiskers, and percentile information were provided in the Source Data file. Exact P- values from left to right ( AIM2 to caspase 8 ): 0.2752, 0.0002, 0, 0.0854, 6.67E-09, 7.19E-82, 3.59E-37, 0.0709, 0.0269, 2.29E-280, 2.45E-30, 4.07E-09. G, H Cardiomyocyte-specific UMAP ( G ) and quantitative PANoptosis levels ( H ) of the control and IZ groups. (The exact n in H = [left to right] 6904 cells, 0; 5281 cells, 0; 1191, 3346 cells; 3192, 80 cells; 758, 80 cells). The minima, maxima, mean, median, bounds, whiskers, and percentile information were provided in the Source Data file. Exact P- values from left to right: 4.01E-05, 0.0021. I Proportional representation of cardiomyocyte subpopulations. J , K Heatmap depicting activation patterns of apoptosis/PANoptosis/pyroptosis/necroptosis ( J ) and PANoptosis-related genes ( K ) across cardiomyocyte subtypes. Significance: wilcox.test, a two-sided test; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001; ns : no significant difference ( P > 0.05). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: Necrostatin-1 (HY-15760), Disulfiram (HY-B0240), Z-VAD-FMK (HY-16658B), ZBP1 (HY- P83326 ), phospho-RIPK1 (HY- P81539 ), phospho-MLKL (HY- P80468 ), cleaved caspase 1 (HY- P80622 ), cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay kit (HY-K030), and cleaved caspase 8 (HY- P80624 ) were obtained from MedChemExpress, USA.

Techniques: Control, Activation Assay, Gene Expression

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Prussian blue nanoparticles targeting multiple PANoptosome-mediated PANoptosis for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury therapy

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-70012-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: A PCA of RNA-seq data (Sham: orange; MIRI: green; PB@PM: blue; n = 5 biologically independent replicates). B Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes (DEGs; PB@PM vs. MIRI: red/blue = up/downregulated). The Wald test of DESeq2 (DESeq(dds) default test = “Wald”) was used, which is a two-sided test. Multiple comparisons correction: the FDR (False Discovery Rate) correction of the BH (Benjamini-Hochberg) method was computed to obtain P adjustment ( P .adj.). C Venn diagram of shared DEGs between Sham-MIRI and PB@PM-MIRI comparisons. D GSVA of pathway enrichment across groups. E KEGG pathway enrichment of downregulated genes in PB@PM vs. MIRI. A one-sided hypergeometric test was used. Multiple comparisons correction: the FDR correction for the BH method was calculated to obtain P .adj. F , G GSEA networks ( F ) and protein interaction networks ( G ) for pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. H GSEA plots showing marked downward trends of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis in the PB@PM group compared to the MIRI group. A permutation test was used, based on weighted Kolmogorov-Smirnov-like statistics. It is a two-sided test (tests whether the enrichment scores are significantly deviated from zero, which can be positive or negative, corresponding to up- or down-regulated enrichment, respectively). Multiple comparisons correction: The FDR correction for the BH method was calculated to obtain P .adj. I Pearson correlation between pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis in the Sham (C), MIRI (I), and PB@PM (T) groups. Using psych R package, method = “spearman” function, t-test, two-sided test, and no correction for multiple comparisons. J Western blot of PANoptosis-related proteins (AIM2, ZBP1, Pyrin, ASC, FADD, Bax, Bcl-2, phosphorylated/total RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL, cleaved/total caspase-1/3/8 and GSDMD) in ischemic myocardium (day 3; n = 5 biologically independent replicates). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: Necrostatin-1 (HY-15760), Disulfiram (HY-B0240), Z-VAD-FMK (HY-16658B), ZBP1 (HY- P83326 ), phospho-RIPK1 (HY- P81539 ), phospho-MLKL (HY- P80468 ), cleaved caspase 1 (HY- P80622 ), cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay kit (HY-K030), and cleaved caspase 8 (HY- P80624 ) were obtained from MedChemExpress, USA.

Techniques: RNA Sequencing, Western Blot

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

Article Title: Oridonin attenuates TLR4-driven inflammation and autophagy in LPS-stimulated enteric glial cells: an in vitro and in silico analysis

doi: 10.3389/fncel.2026.1748505

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of LPS and oridonin on caspase-1 and IL-1β levels in enteric glial cells. Data represent mean ± SEM from three independent experiments, each performed in technical replicates. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001. LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; O1: 1 μM oridonin; O2: 5 μM oridonin.

Article Snippet: Commercially available ELISA kits for rat caspase-1 (BT Lab, E1897Ra) and IL-1β (BT Lab, E0119Ra) were used according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques:

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside attenuates methionine and choline-deficient diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

doi: 10.3892/etm.2018.6300

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of TSG on protein expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 in livers of MCD diet fed mice. Protein imprinting of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1. (A) As a matter of fact, nine samples were included in the original gel/experiment. The antepenultimate and penultimate pair were omitted from the figure (as denoted by the dotted lines) since they were not relevant for a discussion of the experiment at hand. Densitometric analysis of (B) NLRP3, (C) ASC, (D) caspase-1. Mice fed an MCD diet showed increased levels of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 protein expressions compared with mice in the control diet-fed group. The results showed that the middle dosage of TSG downregulated ASC and caspase-1 levels. ## P<0.01; ### P<0.001 ( # , compared with MCD diet-induced NAFLD model group). *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001 (*, compared with the control group). TSG, 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside; NLRP3, Nod-like receptor protein 3; ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain; MCD, methionine and choline-deficient; NAFLD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Article Snippet: Antibodies directed against NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and caspase-1 were purchased from Proteintech Group, Inc. (Chicago, IL, USA).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Article Title: Manganese-enriched nanoboron agent amplifies BNCT efficacy via pyroptosis-mediated immune activation and STING pathway synergy​

doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03916-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pyroptosis Induced by BSA- 10 BPA-MnO 2 after BNCT. ( a ) Fluorescent images of ROS in B16F10 cells after different treatments, detected by DCFH-DA staining. Scale bar: 150 μm. ( b ) Cell morphology images after different treatments. In the BSA- 10 BPA-MnO 2 + N group, cell swelling and the appearance of large bubbles (blue arrows, one of the most prominent features of pyroptosis) are observed. Scale bar: 50 μm. ( c ) Western blot analysis of caspase-1 (CAS-1) and cleaved caspase-1 (cleaved-CAS-1). ( d ) Immunofluorescent staining of the GSDMD protein N-terminal fragment (GSDMD-N). Scale bar: 100 μm. ( e ) Relative LDH release, n = 4. Data are presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.5, **** p < 0.0001

Article Snippet: After blocking, membranes were probed with primary antibodies against caspase-1 and cleaved caspase-1 (MedChemExpress, China), followed by HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies.

Techniques: Staining, Western Blot

Journal: Experimental Biology and Medicine

Article Title: Mechanisms of AGE-induced VSMC phenotypic switching and macrophage modulation in human abdominal aortic aneurysms

doi: 10.3389/ebm.2025.10527

Figure Lengend Snippet: AGEs Activate the NF-κB Pathway and NLRP3 Inflammasome via the RAGE/RhoA/ROCK Pathway. (A) The TransAM NF-κB Transcription Factor Assay detected the effect of the RAGE/RhoA/ROCK inhibitor on the nuclear translocation of c-Rel, p52, and p65; (B) The NF-κB dual luciferase reporter gene system assessed the impact of RAGE/RhoA/ROCK inhibitors on AGE-induced NF-κB signaling; (C) Western blot analysis showed that AGEs regulate the expression of NLRP3 via the RAGE/RhoA/ROCK/NF-κB signaling pathway; (D) The effects of the inhibitors on caspase-1 activation were assessed using a caspase-1 assay kit; (E) An LDH release assay showed that AGE promoted VSMC cell pyroptosis, but it could be reversed by RAGE, RhoA, and ROCK inhibitors; (F) An ELISA assay demonstrated that AGE promoted the release of the inflammatory factor IL-1β through RAGE/RhoA/ROCK. Data are presented as the mean ± SD from three independent experiments and were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA followed by a Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. Asterisks indicate significant differences (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001) between the treatment group and the control group. Pound signs indicate a significant difference (#P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001) between the treatment group and the AGE group.

Article Snippet: The enzymatic activity of caspase-1 was assayed using a Caspase-1 Colorimetric Assay Kit (MCE, Cat. No. HY-K2610-100T) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Transcription Factor Assay, Translocation Assay, Luciferase, Western Blot, Expressing, Activation Assay, Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control